Tuesday, June 7, 2011

Oh My God!! Part 2 : Egyptian Religion

The Egyptian pantheon consisted of the many Gods worshipped by the Ancient Egyptians. A number of major deities are addressed as the creator of the cosmos. These include Atum, Ra, Amun (Amen) and Ptah amongst others, as well as composite forms of these Gods such as Amun-Ra. This was not seen as contradictory by the Egyptians.


Aken – ferryman to the underworld
Aker - deification of the horizon
Am-heh - minor underworld god
Ammit – crocodile-headed devourer in Duat, not a true deity
Amun or Amen – "the hidden one", a local creator deity later married to Mut after rising in importance
Amunet – female aspect of the primordial concept of air in the Ogdoad cosmogony; depicted as a cobra snake or a snake-headed woman
Andjety - god thought to be a precursor to Osiris
Anhur - god of war
Ankt - a minor war goddess
Anput - female aspect of Anubis
Anti - god of ferrymen
Anubis or Yinepu – dog or jackal God of embalming and tomb-caretaker who watches over the dead
Anuket - gazelle-headed goddess of the Nile River, the child of Satis and among the Elephantine triad of deities
Apep or Apophis – evil serpent of the Underworld and enemy of Ra; formed from a length of Neith's spit during her creation of the world
Apis – bull deity worshipped in the Memphis region
Ash - god of oases and the vineyards of the western Nile Delta
The Aten – sun god worshipped primarily during the period of Atenism in the eighteenth dynasty when Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) introduced monotheistic worship
Atum – a creator deity, and the setting sun
Babi - baboon god associated with death and virility
Banebdjedet - ram god of fertility
Ba-Pef - minor underworld god
Bast – protector of the pharaoh and solar goddess, depicted as a lioness, house cat, cat-bodied or cat-headed woman
Bat – cow goddess who gave authority to the king; her cult originated in Hu and persisted widely until absorbed as an aspect of Hathor after the eleventh dynasty
Bata - bull god
Bes – dwarfed demigod associated with protection of the household, particularly childbirth, and entertainment
Chenti-cheti - crocodile god
Geb –god of the Earth, first ruler of Egypt and husband of Nut
Ha - god of the western deserts
Hapi or Hapy – deification of the annual flooding of the Nile, associated with fertility
Hathor or Hethert – cow or cow-goddess of the sky, fertility, love, beauty and music
Hatmehit - fish goddess, originally a deification of the Nile River
Hedetet - scorpion goddess, later incorporated into Isis
Heka - deification of magic
Hemen - falcon god
Heqet – frog or a frog-headed goddess of childbirth and fertility
Hemsut - goddess of fate and protection
Heryshaf - ram god
Horus or Heru – falcon-headed god of the sky, pharaohs, war and protection
The four sons of Horus - personifications of the four canopic jars
Hu - deification of the first word
Huh - deification of eternity
Iabet - goddess of the east, consort of Min and cleanser of Ra
Iah - god of the moon
Iat - minor goddess of milk and, by association, of nurturing and childbirth
Imentet - goddess of the necropoleis west of the Nile
Isis or Aset – goddess of magic, motherhood and fertility and consort of Osiris; represented as the throne
Iusaaset – a primal goddess described as "the grandmother of all of the deities"
Kebechet - deification of embalming liquid

Khepri – the scarab beetle or scarab-headed god of rebirth and the sunrise
Kneph - a creator deity
Khnum – ram-headed creator god of the flooding of the Nile River
Khonsu – god of youth and the moon
Kuk –frog-headed personification of darkness, whose consort or female form was the snake-headed Kauket
Maahes – lion-headed god of war, weather.
Ma'at – goddess who personified concept of truth, balance, justice and order
Mafdet – goddess who protected against snakes and scorpions
Mehen - protective snake god which coils around the sun god Ra during his journey through the night
Menhit – goddess of war, associated with Sekhmet
Meret - goddess associated with rejoicing, singing and dancing
Meretseger – cobra-goddess of tomb builders and protector of royal tombs
Meskhenet – goddess of childbirth and the creator of each person's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth
Min – god of fertility and lettuce, often represented as a man with an erect penis
Mnevis – the sacred bull of Heliopolis
Monthu - falcon god of war
Mut – mother goddess, associated with the waters from which everything was born
Nefertem - god of healing and beauty
Nehebkau - guardian of the entrance to the underworld
Neith – goddess of creation, weaving, war and the dead
Nekhbet – vulture goddess; patron of pharaohs and Upper Egypt
Neper - androgynous deification of grain
Nephthys or Nebthet – goddess of death, night and lamentation; the nursing mother of Horus and the pharaohs
Nu – deification of the primordial watery abyss
Nut – goddess of the sky and heavens
Osiris or Wesir – merciful judge of the dead in the afterlife and consort of Isis
Pakhet – a synthesis of Sekhmet and Bast
Petbe - god of revenge
Ptah – creator deity, also a god of craft
Qebui – god of the north wind
Ra – the sun, also a creator deity, whose chief cult centre was based in Heliopolis
Rem - fish god who fertilises the land with his tears
Renenutet - deification of the act of giving a true name during birth
Saa or Sia - deification of perception
Satet – goddess of war, hunting, fertility and the flooding of the Nile River
Sekhmet – lioness goddess of destruction, pestilence and war; fierce protector of the pharaoh, and later as an aspect of Hathor
Seker or Sokar - falcon god of the Memphite necropolis
Serket – scorpion goddess of healing stings and bites
Seshat – Goddess of writing, astronomy, astrology, architecture, and mathematics; depicted as a scribe
Set or Seth – god of the desert, storms and foreigners; later god of chaos
Shai - deification of the concept of fate
Shed - savior deity
Shezmu - god of execution, slaughter, blood, oil and wine
Shu - personification of air
Sobek – crocodile God of the Nile; patron of the military
Sobkou - messenger god
Sopdet - deification of the star Sothis (Sirius)
Sopdu - personification of the scorching heat of the sun
Ta-Bitjet - scorpion goddess identified as the consort of Horus
Tatenen - god of the primordial mound
Taweret – hippopotamus goddess of pregnant women and protector during childbirth
Tefnut – goddess of moisture, moist air, dew and rain.
Tenenet - goddess of beer
Thoth or Djehuty – ibis-headed god of the moon, drawing, writing, geometry, wisdom, medicine, music, astronomy and magic
Unut - snake goddess
Wadjet – snake goddess and protector of Lower Egypt
Wadj-wer – fertility God and personification of the Mediterranean Sea or lakes of the Nile Delta
Weneg - plant god supporting the heavens
Werethekau - personification of supernatural powers
Wepwawet – jackal god of warfare and hunting
Wosret – a localized guardian Goddess, protector of the young God Horus; an early consort of Amun, later superseded by Mut

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